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16:41:44","艾述洪律师团队｜定关系人收钱，想打掉共同受贿应该怎么辩护？","\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F14\u002F944df0c1-9c84-4532-87bf-69ab8c20504d.jpg","\u003Cp>一、结论先行：特定关系人收钱不必然构成共同受贿\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>直接给结论：特定关系人收钱，不等于国家工作人员当然构成共同受贿。在职务犯罪办案中，办案机关确实会顺着资金往下查，把“配偶、子女、情人、近亲属或者关系密切的人”收受财物的行为，和国家工作人员的职务便利联系起来，形成“明知并通谋”的推定。但这种推定不是定罪，也不是用猜测代替证据，它可以被客观事实反驳。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>真正有效的辩护，从来不是说一句“我不知道”。这句话本身，很难撼动已经成型的证据链。要做的是，用一组客观证据，构建出一个同样能解释得通的替代事实，把“收钱行为”和“职务行为”之间的对应关系切断，也把特定关系人的行为和国家工作人员的主观明知之间的联系切断。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>二、法律解析：特定关系人收钱案件的认定框架与辩护逻辑\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>（一）概念界定：法律如何界定特定关系人与共同受贿要件\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>根据《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理受贿刑事案件适用法律若干问题的意见》（法发〔2007〕22号）第十一条，“特定关系人”是指与国家工作人员有近亲属、情妇（夫）以及其他共同利益关系的人。这个范围，覆盖了家属最担心的几类人——配偶、子女、父母等近亲属，也包括长期密切、形成共同利益的人。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>同一意见的第七条，给出了三类处理规则：第一，国家工作人员利用职务便利为请托人谋取利益，授意请托人将财物给予特定关系人的，以受贿论处；第二，特定关系人与国家工作人员通谋、共同实施前述行为的，对特定关系人以受贿罪的共犯论处；第三，特定关系人以外的人与国家工作人员通谋、共同占有财物的，同样以受贿罪共犯论处。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这里的关键词是“通谋”和“授意”。要把特定关系人收钱的行为，绑定到国家工作人员头上，必须满足这两个核心要件之一：要么是“授意”（国家工作人员主动安排），要么是“通谋”（双方有意思联络）。如果既无授意也无通谋，仅凭“关系近、钱进了家门”，并不能直接推导出国家工作人员构成共同受贿。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>（二）推定逻辑：司法机关如何认定国家工作人员明知\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>法官形成判断，往往不是只盯着某一句供述，而是看一组事实能不能连起来。这也是《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理贪污贿赂刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》（法释〔2016〕18号）第十六条第二款所体现的逻辑：特定关系人索取、收受他人财物，国家工作人员知道后未退还或者上交的，应当认定国家工作人员具有受贿故意。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>反过来看，司法机关在认定“明知”时，会重点审查这样一组事实：收钱的人和国家工作人员关系是否紧密；家庭利益是否一体；钱款最终有没有进入共同生活、共同投资或者共同财产的范围；请托人送钱前后，国家工作人员有没有利用职务便利为对方谋取利益；他对这笔往来有没有参与、过问、默许，或者事后有没有出现明显异常的认可和配合。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这些事实如果相互印证，在司法实践中往往就会形成一种推定：国家工作人员对特定关系人收受财物是明知的，甚至可能认定双方存在共同受贿的意思联络。这就是为什么，很多家属以为“钱我没碰、卡不是我的名字”就能撇清，结果却在组合证据面前越来越被动。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>（三）厘清误区：推定不等于定罪，更非以猜测代替证据\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这一点必须讲清楚。推定不是直接定罪，也不是用猜测去代替证据。它其实是司法实践中认定主观故意的一种方法，允许从已经查明的客观事实出发，按照经验法则和逻辑关系，去判断待证事实到底成不成立。而且，推定是可以被反驳的。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>很多当事人和家属的误区在于，把“推定”当成“铁板钉钉”，于是要么沉默以对，要么反复说“我不知道”。但《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》第五十五条规定，证据确实、充分的条件之一，是“综合全案证据，对所认定事实已排除合理怀疑”。推定只是把部分待证事实的举证责任做了松动，并没有取消合理怀疑的标准。只要能用证据提出一个说得通的替代解释，推定链条就可能出现裂缝。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>（四）辩护路径：以客观证据构建替代事实，切断两条关键联系\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这类案件辩护的真正难点，在于不能只说一句“不知道”。真正要做的，是通过客观证据，构建一个能够解释得通的替代事实。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>第一，证明这笔钱是特定关系人个人的独立经济往来。比如借贷、投资、劳务报酬、合作分红，或者其他真实存在的经济关系。资金的性质，要靠合同、转账备注、借条、投资协议、分红记录来固定，而不是靠口头解释。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>第二，切断“收钱行为”与“职务行为”的对应关系。要审查请托人送钱的时间、对象、事由，与国家工作人员职务便利的行使之间，是否存在实质的、可对应的关联。如果送钱发生在职务行为之前多年，或者针对的是与国家工作人员职权无关的事项，对应关系就弱。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>第三，切断特定关系人行为与国家工作人员“主观明知”的联系。重点审查国家工作人员本人有没有参与谈判、收款、分配，有没有从中实际获益，双方财产是不是相对独立，资金流向是不是没有进入共同利益范围。在真实办案中，只要能证明其中某一笔款项国家工作人员“不知情且未实际取得”，就可能无法满足共同犯罪“明知且追求”的要件，从而从共同总额中切割出去。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这些内容，不是为了把证明责任推给被告人，而是在已经出现不利事实的情况下，用证据提出合理怀疑。根据《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》第五十五条，证据不足、不能排除合理怀疑的，不能认定有罪。辩护要做的，就是切断两条联系，把另一种合理的事实，清晰地放到法官面前。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>要点提示：复杂职务犯罪案件真正考验的，从来不是口头辩解，而是能不能把另一种合理的事实，清晰地放到法官面前。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>三、实战案例：以实际所得与明知要件切割共同受贿指控\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>在四川卓安律师事务所办理的一起受贿案件中，上述“明知要件”的辩护逻辑得到了具体运用。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>该案被告人x某某，原系xx市某街道办事处下属单位负责人。办案机关最初认定其共同受贿总额达六十余万元，并在审查起诉阶段追加起诉。辩护律师、四川卓安律师事务所执行主任艾述洪介入后，将辩护重心放在两个维度：一是以“实际所得”重构受贿数额认定，主张在难以区分主从犯时，应当按个人实际所得而非共同总额认定；二是突破主从犯认定困境，指出同案犯t某主动提出犯意并全程操作招投标，x某某系被动同意且未参与后续分赃，尤其关键的是，第二笔二十三万元贿赂，x某某并不知情且未实际取得，不符合共同犯罪“明知且追求”的要件。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这一辩护思路，与“切断特定关系人行为与国家工作人员主观明知联系”的方法论内在相通——核心都是围绕“通谋与明知”这一成立共犯的根本门槛，做精细的事实切割。最终，法院采纳了退赃、认罪认罚等从轻情节，部分辩护意见获采纳，x某某被判处有期徒刑三年九个月，并处罚金人民币三十万元，其家庭退缴全部违法所得四十六万元，获得了从轻处罚。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>需要说明的是，每一个案件的事实基础、证据结构都不相同，上述结果不代表同类案件必然得出相同结论。但它的价值在于说明：在共同受贿或特定关系人收钱的指控中，“明知与通谋”从来不是一句空话，而是可以用客观证据去拆解、去反驳的具体要件\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>四、家属应对：涉案后六项关键处置建议\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>第一时间厘清资金性质。把特定关系人名下这笔钱的来龙去脉理清楚：是借款、投资、劳务报酬，还是合作分红、真实的生意往来。能对应上独立经济关系的，尽早整理好借条、合同、转账记录、分红协议等书证。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>保全客观证据，不要只靠口头解释。银行流水、投资协议、聊天记录、家庭财产独立证明，往往比“我们没商量过”更有说服力。证据越早固定，越不容易灭失。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>切勿统一口径或串供。试图在家属之间“对好台词”，一旦被识破，不仅无助于澄清，反而可能叠加新的法律风险。如实陈述、各说各的实际情况，才是对当事人负责。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>抓住“知道后是否退还上交”这个关键节点。根据法释〔2016〕18号第十六条，国家工作人员在知道特定关系人收受财物后，若及时退还或上交，不认定为受贿故意；若知道后仍隐匿不退，则可能被推定为具有受贿故意。确属不知情的，切勿在知情后继续放任。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>尽早委托专业刑事律师介入。共同受贿、特定关系人收钱类案件，证据链条复杂，越早会见、越早阅卷，越能在关键事实上争取主动。留置、侦查阶段的专业介入，常常决定后续辩护的空间。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>理性配合退赃退缴。在事实清楚的情况下，主动退缴违法所得，是实践中被广泛认可的从轻情节。谢某某案中，其家庭退缴全部四十六万元违法所得，是获得从轻处罚的重要因素之一。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>五、专业背书：卓安律师事务所与艾述洪律师的职务犯罪辩护实力\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>办理此类案件，考验的不只是法律条文的熟悉程度，更是对职务犯罪案件证据结构的整体把握。四川卓安律师事务所成立于二〇一三年，是国内较早专注刑事辩护的精品律所之一，累计办理刑事案件八千余件，其中无罪化处理（不起诉、撤案、无罪释放）五百余件，办理缓刑七百余件、取保候审七百余件。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>卓安经济犯罪研究中心主任、执行主任艾述洪律师，系四川大学刑法学硕士、高级律师，二〇二〇年入选四川省律师协会首批刑事专业律师，参与办理刑事案件千余件，其中经济犯罪五百余件。其执业特点之一，正是擅长在复杂的职务犯罪、经济犯罪案件中，做精细的“责任拆分与财产甄别”，把不该计入的、不该归责的，从证据链中清晰地分离出来。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>卓安律师事务所下设十五大辩护中心与刑事控告中心，出版刑事专业专著六十五部，发表论文二百零三篇，开展刑事培训八百余场，覆盖三十一个省、五十余市，累计培训逾十二万人次；近三分之一的专职刑事律师具有原公检法工作经历。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>【免责声明】本文仅为法律知识交流与个案经验分享，不构成针对任何具体案件的法律意见或诉讼策略建议。每个案件的事实、证据与法律适用均不相同，读者如遇具体法律问题，应咨询具有相应资质的执业律师。本文所述案例结果不代表同类案件必然得出相同结论，亦不构成任何结果承诺。\u003C\u002Fp>","2026-10-18 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直接给结论：特定关系人收钱，不等于国家工作人员当然构成共同受贿。在职务犯罪办案中，办案机关确实会顺着资金往下查，把“配偶、子女、情人、近亲属或者关系密切的人”收受财物的行为，和国家工作人员的职务便利联系起来，形成“明知并通谋”的推定。但这种推定不是定罪，也不是用猜测代替证","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fnews\u002Fprofessional\u002F800",[420],{"@context":361,"@graph":421},[422,429],{"@type":423,"@id":418,"url":418,"headline":407,"description":417,"datePublished":424,"dateModified":425,"author":426,"publisher":427,"articleSection":413,"inLanguage":366,"image":428},"Article","2026-10-18T18:40:24+08:00","2026-10-14T16:41:44+08:00",{"@id":368},{"@id":368},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F14\u002F944df0c1-9c84-4532-87bf-69ab8c20504d.jpg",{"@type":430,"itemListElement":431},"BreadcrumbList",[432,435,437],{"@type":433,"position":6,"name":434,"item":358},"ListItem","首页",{"@type":433,"position":38,"name":413,"item":436},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fnews\u002Fprofessional",{"@type":433,"position":35,"name":407,"item":418}]