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17:42:53","受贿案件，主动开口要的钱和人家送来的钱，差别在哪？","\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F21\u002F17bbb5b0-616d-4445-874f-f976090e42d6.jpg","\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>摘要\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>同样是收钱，主动开口要和人家自己送来，罪名都是受贿罪，但这两件事在法律上的分量不一样。差别落在两个层面：定罪上，索贿不要求替对方办过事，被动收受则必须同时具备为他人谋取利益这个要件，而这个要件的门槛比多数人以为的低，承诺、明知有请托、事后退钱感谢都算；量刑上，索贿是法定从重情节，多次索贿还会在三个数额档位上把量刑整档抬高。这篇文章按五步讲清：两种收钱方式在要件上差在哪里，量刑上差多少，一笔钱算索还是算收凭什么区分，家属现在能做的三件事，以及这一笔已经被认定为索贿之后还剩什么空间。有一点要提前说明，索贿与收受是逐笔认定的，同一个案子里完全可能一部分是索贿、一部分是收受，分别评价。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2> \u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>一、定罪上，两种收钱方式差的是什么\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>《中华人民共和国刑法》第三百八十五条规定，国家工作人员利用职务上的便利，索取他人财物的，或者非法收受他人财物、为他人谋取利益的，是受贿罪。这一条把两种情形写在一个句子里，中间用一个\"或者\"隔开。很多人读的时候一带而过，实际上这个\"或者\"后面跟着的条件并不一样。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3> \u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>（一）索贿不看有没有替对方办过事，收受要看\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>按这一条的句式，索取他人财物的，条文后面没有附加条件；非法收受他人财物的，条文明确写了\"为他人谋取利益\"。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这一处差别在实务中的意义很直接：\u003Cstrong>主动开口要的钱，只要能证明是索取，即使完全没给对方办过任何事，也可能构成受贿罪；而对方主动送来的钱，必须同时具备为他人谋取利益这个要件，才成立受贿罪。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这不是某一家的理解，而是长期一致的适用口径。最高人民检察院在立案标准的规定中写明，索取他人财物的，不论是否\"为他人谋取利益\"，均可构成受贿罪；非法收受他人财物的，必须同时具备\"为他人谋取利益\"的条件。最高人民法院在审理经济犯罪案件座谈会纪要中持同一立场。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>立法上这样设计，原因不难理解。索贿是行为人主动把职务当作筹码去换钱，对职务廉洁性的侵害是主动发起的；被动收受至少还需要对方先有意思表示。前者的主观恶性更重，所以立法不要求对价关系，后者则用\"为他人谋取利益\"这个要件把纯粹的人情往来挡在外面。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3> \u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>（二）\"为他人谋取利益\"的门槛，比多数人以为的低\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>被动收受的案件里，家属最常提的一句话是\"他没给对方办成事\"。这句话在要件上几乎不起作用。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理贪污贿赂刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第十三条规定，具有下列情形之一的，应当认定为\"为他人谋取利益\"：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Col>\u003Cli>实际或者承诺为他人谋取利益的；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>明知他人有具体请托事项的；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>履职时未被请托，但事后基于该履职事由收受他人财物的。\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Fol>\u003Cp>这三项把门槛压得很低。第一项只要求\"承诺\"，不要求真的去办，也不要求办成；第二项连承诺都不要求，只要收钱的时候知道对方有事求你；第三项针对的是事后感谢的情形，当时没请托，事后因为履职收钱，同样算。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>利益是否正当、是否实现，都不影响认定。\u003Cstrong>换句话说，\"没办成\"\"没答应办\"\"办的是合法的事\"这三句话，在被动收受的案件里基本不能作为出罪理由。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>家属常有的另一个误解是\"钱是对方硬塞的\"。硬塞只影响退还是退不掉这个事实判断，不影响要件是否成立。真正能起作用的是下一步要讲的第三项和第二款。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3> \u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>（三）有一类人送的钱，连\"没承诺\"都推不掉\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理贪污贿赂刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第十三条第二款还有一句，容易被忽略：国家工作人员索取、收受具有上下级关系的下属或者具有行政管理关系的被管理人员的财物，价值三万元以上，可能影响职权行使的，\u003Cstrong>视为承诺为他人谋取利益\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这一款是拟制规定，不留给当事人解释空间。如果送钱的人是下属、是管辖范围内的企业主、是审批对象，金额过了三万元，那么\"我没答应他什么\"这句辩解在要件层面就不成立了。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这也是被动收受案件里最需要先核对的一件事：\u003Cstrong>送钱的这个人，和当事人之间有没有职务上的管理与被管理关系。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 有，这一笔的辩护重心就要从\"要件不成立\"转到\"数额和情节\"上；没有，才有空间去争\"根本没有具体请托\"。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3> \u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>（四）反过来看，被动收受的钱才是能争的地方\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>前面讲的是难点，这里讲空间。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>被动收受要求\"为他人谋取利益\"，这个要件要靠证据支撑。如果案卷里拿不出具体的请托事项，也看不出承诺的痕迹，双方之间又没有管理关系，那么这一笔的认定就存在疑问。可能的走向有两种：一是不认定为受贿，二是降格按违纪处理。两种走向的后果差别很大，前一种从数额里整体拿掉，后一种只影响处分不影响刑期。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>这类争点往往不在总额上，而在某几笔上。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 所以看案卷的时候，逐笔看比看总数有用。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>具体做法是把每一笔单独列一行，标注四个要素：谁先提起、有没有具体请托、有没有承诺、钱走了什么路径。四项齐全的，基本没有争的空间；缺项多的，才是真正的辩护落点。卓安（重庆）律师事务所吴亮律师团队处理这类案件，第一步通常就是做这张表，先分清哪几笔能争、哪几笔只能谈量刑。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2> \u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>二、量刑上，差多少\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>（一）索贿从重，是法定的\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>《中华人民共和国刑法》第三百八十六条规定，对犯受贿罪的，根据受贿所得数额及情节，依照《中华人民共和国刑法》第三百八十三条的规定处罚；索贿的从重处罚。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\"从重\"两个字写在条文里，不是法官的自由裁量。同样一笔金额，一旦被认定为主动索取，量刑基准就要往上走。这一点与\"可以从轻\"性质不同：从轻是可选项，从重是法定要求。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>需要注意的是，从重不等于升档。在同一个法定刑幅度内往上靠，和跳到下一个幅度，是两个量级的变化。真正会升档的是下一种情形。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3> \u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>（二）多次索贿还会动数额档次\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>这一层比\"从重\"更实际。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理贪污贿赂刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第一条、第二条、第三条分别规定了受贿罪的三档数额标准：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Col>\u003Cli>三万元以上不满二十万元，属于数额较大；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>二十万元以上不满三百万元，属于数额巨大；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>三百万元以上，属于数额特别巨大。\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Fol>\u003Cp>同一解释又对\"其他较重情节\"\"其他严重情节\"\"其他特别严重情节\"各设了一组情形，多次索贿都在其中。它的作用点有三个：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Col>\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>入门槛\u003C\u002Fstrong>。受贿数额在一万元以上不满三万元，同时具有多次索贿等情形的，应当认定为\"其他较重情节\"，同样要追究刑事责任。也就是说，多次索贿可以把追究的门槛从三万降到一万。\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>升档\u003C\u002Fstrong>。受贿数额在十万元以上不满二十万元，同时具有上述情形的，认定为\"其他严重情节\"，法定刑升到三年以上十年以下。\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>再升档\u003C\u002Fstrong>。受贿数额在一百五十万元以上不满三百万元，同时具有上述情形的，认定为\"其他特别严重情节\"，法定刑升到十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Fol>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>这意味着多次索贿不只是\"从重一点点\"，它在三个关键位置把对应的量刑幅度整档抬了一格。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 二十万和三百万这两个数额节点前后，本来是两个世界，多次索贿可以把人从前一个世界挪到后一个世界。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>对家属来说，这一条的现实含义是：\u003Cstrong>如果案卷里有多笔收钱、且多笔被指为主动索要，争的就不该只是总额，还要争\"几笔才算多次\"。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 笔数认定的差别，有时比单笔金额的差别更影响结果。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2> \u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>三、一笔钱算\"索\"还是\"收\"，看哪几个地方\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>条文说了差别，接下来是证据问题。吴亮在重庆市九龙坡区人民检察院办理批捕与审查起诉的十年里，审查这类案件时最先看的是讯问笔录与证人证言在\"谁先提的钱\"这一点上是否对得上。对不上的地方，往往就是案件真正的争点。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3> \u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>（一）谁先开的口\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>这是第一顺位的问题。聊天记录、通话录音、见面时的在场人、事后的转账备注，都要看是谁先提起钱、谁先提起好处。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>实务中常见的情形是双方各说各话：当事人说自己没要，对方说被要了。这时不能只看谁说得像，要看有没有第三方痕迹能印证。\u003Cstrong>没有痕迹支撑的那一方，无论说得多么具体，证明力都弱。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>一个具体的观察点是时间顺序：如果转账发生在请托之前，索取的指向性更强；如果转账发生在事情办完之后，被动收受或事后感谢的可能性更大。这个顺序在银行流水上一目了然，比言词证据稳定。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3> \u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>（二）对方是不是正有事求你\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>索贿通常发生在对方有求于人的时间点上。等着审批、等着拨款、等着提拔、等着项目立项，这时候出现刁难、暗示或者明说，指向性就比较明确。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>反过来，如果送钱的时候对方并没有具体事项在办，只是逢年过节往来，那么\"索取\"的认定就缺少前提，这一笔更可能落到被动收受，甚至落到违纪。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>时间点的对应关系，是区分索与收最有效的一把尺。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 家属整理材料时，把每一笔钱的时间和对方当时在办的事并排列出来，这个对应关系自己就能看出来。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3> \u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>（三）钱和事对不对得上\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>一笔钱和一项请托能不能对应起来，决定了这一笔能不能被单独评价。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>对得上的，容易形成完整链条：有事、有请托、有钱、有事后的关照。对不上的，要么被并入其他笔，要么成为争议点。实务中还有一种常见处理，是把无法对应的部分按\"多次收受\"累计计算，这时争的重点就转到每笔是否真实存在。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3> \u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>（四）钱是怎么到手的\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>现金、转账、他人代收、以借款或投资名义给付，路径不同，指向也不同。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>主动索要的钱，往往路径更曲折，因为双方都知道这件事不能留痕；被动收受的钱，有时反而留下了比较完整的转账记录。\u003Cstrong>路径的复杂程度本身就是一个观察点，但它只是间接证据，不能单独下结论。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 实务中把\"路径异常\"直接等同于\"索贿\"的推论，是站不住的。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2> \u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>四、家属现在能做的三件事\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3> \u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>（一）先别急着退钱平事\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>退赃是法定从宽情节，这一点没有疑问。但什么时候退、对应哪一笔、退了之后怎么表述，需要先看清材料。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>在索贿与收受尚未分清的时候急着全额退缴，可能出现一个后果：把本该争的被动收受部分，连同索贿部分一起认下来，从重情节也跟着坐实。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>退赃的时机和口径，应当等看过案卷、把每一笔的性质分清楚之后再定。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3> \u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>（二）把原始往来材料整理出来\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>微信、短信、通话记录、转账凭证、礼单、对方请托事项的来龙去脉，按时间顺序列一份清单。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这份清单的用处不是证明清白，而是还原\"谁先开口\"。前面说过，这一步靠的是痕迹，不是说法。\u003Cstrong>家属手里的一手材料，往往是全案唯一没有被办案机关筛选过的痕迹来源。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>整理时注意两点：一是留存原始载体，截图要连同时间和对话上下文一并留存；二是按笔归档，不要按人头归档，因为争议是按笔发生的。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3> \u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>（三）不要替家人补话、对口径，更不要动材料\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>这一条最重要。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>替家人统一说法，在案卷里会表现为多份笔录高度一致但细节矛盾，反而削弱可信度；删除聊天记录、销毁凭证，可能构成新的问题，把家属自己也牵进来。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>能做的事是整理和留存，不能做的事是修改和补充。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 这两者的界线，家属自己心里要清楚。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3> \u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>（四）如果这一笔已经被认定为索贿，还剩什么空间\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>承认索取这个事实之后，辩护并没有结束，重心会转到三个地方：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Col>\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>笔数\u003C\u002Fstrong>。是否构成\"多次\"，直接影响是否触发前面讲的升档规则。\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>数额\u003C\u002Fstrong>。索贿的数额与收受的数额要分开算，混在一起算会把从重情节摊到全部金额上。\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>从宽情节\u003C\u002Fstrong>。自首、坦白、退赃、认罪认罚，这些情节在索贿案件里同样适用，作用是对冲从重。\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Fol>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>索贿案件的辩护，往往不是把\"索\"辩成\"收\"，而是在承认\"索\"的前提下，把笔数、数额和从宽情节三件事做到位。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2> \u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>五、两个案例\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>某市公安局原副局长受贿案（卓安团队办理）。\u003C\u002Fstrong> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>检察机关指控两项受贿共计50万元，其中10万元以入股分红名义收受，40万元系对方为职务晋升运作而送。辩护围绕40万元展开：该笔没有具体请托事项，送钱人从事茶叶经营，与当事人分管的刑侦、禁毒等领域没有交集，不符合\"视为承诺谋利\"的前提；且该笔在调岗后已启动退款并于两年内退清。法院最终认定该40万元不构成受贿，仅认定索贿10万元，量刑从检察机关建议的四年调整为三年六个月。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>某街道办原中心主任共同受贿案（卓安团队办理）。\u003C\u002Fstrong> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>当事人与下属合谋，在绿化管养、招投标等项目中向企业索要钱款，共同受贿46万元，个人实得15万元。索贿情节成立，辩护重心转向数额口径，主张共同受贿应按个人实际所得而非共同总额认定，并同步提交认罪认罚、全额退缴46万元等情节。最终判处有期徒刑三年九个月，并处罚金30万元。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>两个案子放在一起看，对照很清楚：\u003Cstrong>前一个案子的空间在\"这一笔的要件齐不齐\"，后一个案子的空间在\"要件齐了之后数额怎么算\"。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 判断自己家属于哪一种，是家属最该先弄明白的事。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>本文仅供参考，不构成正式法律意见。具体案件的处理，需结合在案证据与当地办案机关的认定标准判断。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>卓安（重庆）律师事务所　吴亮\u003C\u002Fp>","2026-10-21 17:40:42",{"id":43,"createdAt":27,"updatedAt":27,"deleted":31,"code":412,"name":413,"icon":414,"sort":43,"status":6,"seoTitle":10,"seoDescription":10,"seoKeywords":10},"professional","罪名分类","\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F07\u002F14\u002F8cfc49d7-c529-46c5-a6f1-d03a37047b2b.png",{"title":416,"description":417,"keywords":32,"canonical":418,"image":408,"jsonLd":419},"受贿案件，主动开口要的钱和人家送来的钱，差别在哪？ - 罪名分类 | 四川卓安律师事务所","摘要 同样是收钱，主动开口要和人家自己送来，罪名都是受贿罪，但这两件事在法律上的分量不一样。差别落在两个层面：定罪上，索贿不要求替对方办过事，被动收受则必须同时具备为他人谋取利益这个要件，而这个要件的门槛比多数人以为的低，承诺、明知有请托、事后退钱感谢都算；量刑上，索贿是法定从重情节，多次索贿还会在三个数额档位上把量刑","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fnews\u002Fprofessional\u002F927",[420],{"@context":361,"@graph":421},[422,429],{"@type":423,"@id":418,"url":418,"headline":407,"description":417,"datePublished":424,"dateModified":425,"author":426,"publisher":427,"articleSection":413,"inLanguage":366,"image":428},"Article","2026-10-21T17:40:42+08:00","2026-10-21T17:42:53+08:00",{"@id":368},{"@id":368},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F21\u002F17bbb5b0-616d-4445-874f-f976090e42d6.jpg",{"@type":430,"itemListElement":431},"BreadcrumbList",[432,435,437],{"@type":433,"position":6,"name":434,"item":358},"ListItem","首页",{"@type":433,"position":38,"name":413,"item":436},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fnews\u002Fprofessional",{"@type":433,"position":35,"name":407,"item":418}]