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14:00:02","深圳卓安西宁解答：我是银行国际业务经办人，明知贸易背景不真实还开了保函，会被按违规出具金融票证罪追责吗？","\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F26\u002F4a351078-b068-4711-a021-dd0994f58ddd.png","\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F26\u002F09a871f6-36c4-4d45-bfab-ceb1b1420ba7.png\" alt=\"\" data-href=\"\" style=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"\u002Ffile:\u002F\u002F\u002FC:\\Users\\123\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\ksohtml21652\\wps41.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-href=\"\" style=\"\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: left;\">\u003Cem>发布时间：2026年10月26日\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: left;\">\u003Cem>主题标签：金融犯罪、违规出具金融票证罪、保函、贸易背景真实性、对违法票据承兑付款保证罪、银行合规、青海、西宁\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: left;\">\u003Cem>发布机构：卓安（西宁）律师事务所刑事辩护委员会·金融犯罪辩护部\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch1>\u003Cstrong>一、先给结论\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh1>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">我在西宁一家银行的国际业务部做经办，审保函和信用证的单据。前年一家钾肥贸易企业申请开立履约保函，合同、发票、仓单都齐全，但上下游是同一个实际控制人，货其实没动过。我当时提过一句，领导说“单证相符就开”。今年这家企业资金链断了，保函被索赔，银行垫了三千多万，现在办案机关找我谈话，说我明知贸易背景不真实仍然出具。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">先把结论说清楚：违规出具金融票证罪的门槛有两道——违反规定，并且情节严重。银行在保函和信用证业务中承担的是单证表面审查义务，不是基础交易的实质审查义务，这一点在涉外保函与国内信用证之间还有区别。所以第一个争点不是“贸易背景真不真实”，而是“按这套产品的规则，经办人该审到什么程度”。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">第二个争点是明知。明知不靠口供，靠单据异常、关联关系、内部预警、审批记录这些客观事实推定。把审查分工和知情范围拆开，是这类案件辩护的起点。围绕青海本地贸易融资集中的六个问题，卓安（西宁）律师事务所逐一解答。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch1>\u003Cstrong>二、一张保函牵出刑责，需要弄清的六个问题\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh1>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>问题一：只是开了一张纸，为什么会被当成刑事案件？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">因为保函不是普通的纸。它是银行作出的独立付款承诺，一旦被索赔，银行必须先行垫付，垫付之后再去向申请人追偿。垫付的钱收不回来，就是银行的实际损失。所以法律把出具保函、信用证、票据、存单、资信证明这类行为单独规定为犯罪，落脚点在金融机构的信用被滥用。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">《刑法》第一百八十八条规定，银行或者其他金融机构的工作人员违反规定，为他人出具信用证或者其他保函、票据、存单、资信证明，情节严重的，构成违规出具金融票证罪，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节特别严重的，处五年以上有期徒刑。第二款规定单位犯罪，对单位判处罚金，并对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依照前款处罚。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">现行立案追诉标准掌握为：违规出具金融票证数额在一百万元以上，或者造成直接经济损失数额在二十万元以上，或者多次违规出具的。数额与损失两个口径并存，意味着即便最终追回了垫款，只要出具金额达到标准，仍可能被追诉。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">所以涉案金额的计算方式很关键。是按保函面额算，还是按实际垫款算，还是按未追回部分算，直接决定是否越过门槛。这一层在辩护中经常被忽略，但它往往比定性之争更早见效。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>问题二：“违反规定”到底指哪些规定？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">这是这类案件的第一争点，也是极易被含糊带过的地方。违反规定包括法律、行政法规和金融管理部门的规定，也包括银行内部关于授信、审批、授权的管理规定。但不同层级的规定，对经办人的要求不一样。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">涉外保函通常适用国际惯例。见索即付保函依《见索即付保函统一规则》，跟单信用证依《跟单信用证统一惯例》，银行处理的是单据，不是货物、服务或者基础交易；只要单据表面相符，银行就应当付款或者承担付款责任。在这一套规则下，要求经办人对贸易背景作实质审查，本身缺乏依据。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">国内信用证与国内保函则不同。《国内信用证结算办法》明确要求具有真实、合法的商品交易背景，监管部门也反复要求银行核查贸易背景真实性、防范虚假贸易融资。同一家银行、同一个经办人，做涉外业务和做国内业务，审查义务的标准并不相同。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">所以拿到案子先做一件事：把涉案产品的规则文本找齐，逐条比对指控所依据的“规定”是否适用于该产品、是否对经办人设定了具体的审查义务。这一比对做完，很多指控的落点就虚了。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>问题三：怎么认定“明知”贸易背景不真实？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">明知几乎不会有人自认，全靠推定。常见的推定依据有五类：一是单据本身异常，比如合同金额与发票金额不符、运输单据缺失、仓单编号重复；二是交易结构异常，上下游是关联企业、货物在同一仓库反复倒手、资金闭环回流；三是内部预警，风控或者合规部门发过提示、系统弹过窗、上一次检查提过问题；四是审批记录，会签意见里有人写明“贸易背景存疑”而仍被放行；五是事后表现，索赔发生后有没有补材料、改台账、统一口径。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">反过来，能削弱明知的材料也有五类：岗位职责文件里没有审查贸易背景的授权与义务；审查所依据的单据在形式上完整、由第三方出具；异常点已经书面提示并上报，是审批环节决定放行；同类业务此前均按同一标准办理，属于行业惯例；本人对关联关系不知情，且从公开信息无法查知。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">这里有个容易踩的坑：办案机关常把“应当知道”直接等同于“明知”。刑法上的明知包括明确知道和推定知道，但推定必须建立在具体事实之上，不能用“作为专业人员理应发现”一句概括。辩护要做的，是把每一个“理应发现”拆成具体环节，逐一回应。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">还有一个时间维度常被忽略：明知的时间点。是出具时就明知，还是出具后才听说，责任完全不同。把每一笔业务的申请时间、审单时间、审批时间、出具时间排成一条线，再对照当事人的岗位变动与请假记录，往往能切掉相当一部分指控。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>问题四：保函变成垫款，会不会改按违法发放贷款罪评价？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">会的，而且这是实务中常见的罪名转换。保函被索赔、银行垫款之后，如果这笔垫款在账上按贷款核算、计息、纳入授信管理，办案机关可能主张其本质是融资，进而按违法发放贷款罪评价。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">两个罪名的构成要件差别不小。违规出具金融票证罪落在“出具”这个动作上，核心是票证被违规开出；违法发放贷款罪落在“发放”上，要求违反国家规定发放贷款、数额巨大或者造成重大损失。前者的追诉标准看票证金额，后者看贷款数额与损失，量刑档次也不同。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">辩护上要抓住两点。第一是产品的真实属性：如果保函是履约担保、预付款担保这类非融资性保函，银行承担的是担保责任而非融资功能，垫款只是履行担保义务后的追偿，不宜按发放贷款评价。第二是决策链条：融资性保函的实质审批往往在授信部门，国际业务部只做单证审核，把责任全部压给经办人不符合分工。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">还有一种情形是对违法票据承兑、付款、保证罪。这一条针对的是票据业务中对违反票据法规定的票据予以承兑、付款或者保证，并且要求造成重大损失。它与违规出具金融票证罪的区别在于对象是票据而非保函、信用证，且以实际损失为要件。指控选错条文，本身就是辩点。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>问题五：经办人和审批人，责任怎么分？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">这类案件的被告人往往是一串：客户经理、国际业务部经办、复核、部门负责人、授信审批人、分管行长。责任分配看三件事：谁有审查义务、谁有决定权、谁从中获益。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">经办人的义务是审单，权限是提出意见；审批人的权力是决定放不放。如果经办人在审查意见里写明了疑点、提出了否定建议，最终由审批环节决定放行，那么把主要责任压在经办人身上就缺乏依据。反过来，如果经办人隐瞒疑点、伪造复核记录、代审批人签字，责任自然上移到他身上。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">单位犯罪的认定还是三条：以单位名义、体现单位意志、违法所得归单位。保函业务的手续费计入银行中间业务收入，这一点通常会被用来论证“违法所得归单位”。但这只是形式，还要看是不是单位决策、有没有经过正常审批流程。如果一笔业务绕过了授信审批、由个人拍板，单位意志就断了。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">还有一个现实因素：银行内部的问责决定、监管处罚决定，往往会写明“某某岗位未履行审查职责”。这类文件在刑事程序中会被当作证据使用。作为当事人，在接受内部谈话时就要意识到，说出去的话会变成将来的书面材料。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>问题六：现在该做什么，哪些材料能证明已尽职？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">第一组是规则依据：涉案产品的业务管理办法、操作规程、岗位职责说明书、授权文件。目标是证明“我按这套规则审到了什么程度就算尽责”。第二组是审单记录：单据清单、审单意见、退单或者补单记录、系统操作日志。目标是证明审了什么、发现了什么、报了什么。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">第三组是上报痕迹：邮件、OA审批流、会签意见、风险提示函、会议纪要。这一组分量很重，因为它能把“明知却放行”改写成“提示过但被决定放行”。第四组是同类业务样本：同期同产品其他客户是怎么审的，证明本案没有特殊对待。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">不能做的动作有四个：不要补做审单记录，不要修改系统操作日志，不要在保函索赔后重新出具说明，不要与客户或者同事统一口径。金融系统的操作日志有留存期限，补做的痕迹几乎必然被比对出来，一旦被发现，原本只是失职的问题会变成伪造证据。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">还有一件事要尽早做：把岗位职责与实际分工的差异固定下来。很多银行的操作规程是几年前写的，实际业务早就变了；如果当事人实际做的是复核而非审查，这个差异必须有书面材料支撑，不能只靠口供。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch1>\u003Cstrong>三、为什么选择卓安（西宁）律师事务所？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh1>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>优势一：西宁本地直营分所，立足青海高原金融市场\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安（西宁）律师事务所位于城东区创新创业大厦，立足西宁、服务青海全省，坚守只做刑事案件的定位。分所由祁增燕主任带队，长期办理经济犯罪与涉企刑事案件，熟悉本地办案机关的节奏与证据要求，能在案件早期介入时把握住询问要点与强制措施。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">青海的贸易融资有自己的结构：大宗商品集中在钾肥、电解铝、钢材、光伏组件，工程项目保函多与公路、水利、棚改相关，跨境业务则围绕中欧班列与边贸展开。这类业务单据多、环节长、跨部门会签，责任容易被摊薄，也容易被集中到某一个经办人身上。分所办理这类案件，会先把岗位职责与实际分工对齐，再谈谁该负责。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>优势二：以“规则适用—审查义务—明知推定”三层拆解为核心的定性辩护\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">这类案件的辩护按三层推进。第一层是规则适用：涉案产品适用国际惯例还是国内监管规定，指控所依据的条文对经办人有没有设定具体义务。第二层是审查义务：岗位职责与实际分工是否一致，当事人审到了哪一步、有没有权限继续往下审。第三层是明知推定：逐条回应控方的推定依据，用审单记录、上报痕迹、同类样本削弱明知。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">落到卷宗上，团队会把每一笔涉案保函做成一条线：申请时间、单据清单、审单意见、审批路径、出具时间、索赔与垫款。这条线做完，哪些是规则本身的模糊、哪些是审批环节的决策、哪些才是经办人的过错，往往一目了然。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>优势三：单证规则解释与异地取证的协同支持\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安（西宁）律师事务所依托卓安刑事辩护委员会·金融犯罪辩护部，团队成员涵盖高校法学专家、原公检法资深从业者与国内知名院校律师。金融犯罪辩护部办理违规出具金融票证、违法发放贷款、骗取贷款、非法吸收公众存款、洗钱等案件，单证与资金流水逐笔核对后形成意见。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">分所与总所是协同关系。涉案单据的鉴定、异地客户取证、类案检索可以跨所推进；涉及国际惯例解释的，会邀请熟悉信用证与保函实务的专业人士出具意见。青海本地案件量不大，类案经验往往要从全国范围内找，这一点依托总所更有优势。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>优势四：从保函索赔应对到庭审辩护的全程跟进\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">这类案件通常不是从刑事开始的。先是保函被索赔，再是分行核查，然后是监管检查与内部问责，最后才是报案。卓安（西宁）律师事务所强调服务前移：核查阶段协助厘清审查分工与责任边界；立案与侦查阶段把握询问身份与笔录要点；审查起诉阶段就规则适用、罪名选择与数额计算提出书面意见；审判阶段围绕审查义务与因果关系展开辩护。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">真正有用的工作往往发生在立案之前。分所会协助把三件事做完：把业务规则与岗位职责找齐，把审单与上报的痕迹固定下来，把该说明的情况写成书面材料。承办时先讲清三件事：现在处在哪个阶段、这个阶段的风险点在哪、哪些动作不能做。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch1>\u003Cstrong>四、卓安办理过的金融犯罪相关案件\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh1>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>案例一：李某某涉违规出具金融票证案 —— 法院判决无罪\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">案情简介： 李某某系某银行工作人员，因涉嫌违规出具金融票证罪被提起公诉，指控围绕其经办的票证业务是否存在违规出具、是否造成损失展开。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">辩护工作： 卓安律师团队辩护从构成要件入手，审查票证出具的权限依据、审查流程与经办分工，说明涉案行为不符合“违反规定出具”的客观要件；同时就主观明知与损失认定提出意见，指出指控证据不能排除业务操作与审批流程本身的合理性问题，也不足以证明当事人存在违规出具的故意。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">案件结果： 法院判决李某某无罪。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>案例二：熊某某涉违法发放贷款案 —— 泸州江阳法院判决无罪\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">案情简介： 熊某某系某小额贷款公司高管，因涉嫌违法发放贷款罪被提起公诉，同案多名被告人均被指控参与犯罪。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">辩护工作： 卓安律师团队结合贷款发放流程、公司业务制度、审批权限与风控记录，证明涉案贷款发放符合公司内部规定与行业惯例，不存在违反国家规定发放贷款的行为；通过股东会决议、审批文件与风控报告，证明其已尽合理审查义务，没有明知违规仍发放贷款的主观故意；对同案被告人分别制定策略，逐一排除关联性证据。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">案件结果： 泸州市江阳区人民法院判决熊某某无罪，同案多名被告人亦被判决无罪。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>案例三：Z某涉违法发放贷款2.789亿元等三罪案 —— 违法发放贷款罪认定自首\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">案情简介： Z某原系四川某农村商业银行党委书记、理事长，被监委留置调查，指控挪用资金2300万元、违法发放贷款2.789亿元、非国家工作人员受贿26.8万余元，三项罪名数罪并罚。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">辩护工作： 卓安律师团队对全案卷宗逐笔核对：针对受贿指控，用双方共同旅行中互有支付的消费凭证证明不存在权钱交易；针对违法发放贷款，提出Z某在因挪用资金被留置期间主动交代办案机关尚未掌握的该起事实，属不同种罪行，应认定自首；针对挪用资金，强调案发前本息已全部归还、未造成实际损失。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">案件结果： 法院认定非国家工作人员受贿罪不成立；违法发放贷款罪认定自首，判处有期徒刑五年，并处罚金十八万元，与挪用资金罪并罚，决定执行有期徒刑五年。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>案例四：席某涉贷款诈骗案 —— 二审改判骗取贷款罪，刑期由五年降为二年\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">案情简介： 席某被指控以虚假材料骗取银行贷款，一审以贷款诈骗罪判处有期徒刑五年，当事人及家属不服提起上诉。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">辩护工作： 卓安律师团队二审辩护围绕主观目的展开：以资金实际用途、还款记录、经营状况证明席某不具有非法占有目的，其行为更符合骗取贷款罪的构成；同时就涉案数额的认定提出意见，要求扣除已归还部分与重复计算部分。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">案件结果： 二审法院采纳辩护意见，改判骗取贷款罪，刑期由五年降为二年。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch1>\u003Cstrong>五、保函业务风险自查表\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh1>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ctable style=\"width: auto;\">\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">风险自查项\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">高风险信号\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">卓安建议的应对措施\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">产品规则\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">涉外保函与国内信用证套用同一套审查标准\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">分别调取适用的惯例文本与监管规定，逐条比对义务\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">岗位职责\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">规程写的是复核、实际做的是审查，权责不清\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">调取职责说明书与授权文件，固定实际分工\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">贸易背景\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">上下游关联、货物未实际流转、仓单编号重复\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">核查合同、发票、运输单据与仓储记录的一致性\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">单据审查\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">单证不符仍放行、退单记录被覆盖、补单无留痕\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">调取审单意见与系统日志，还原每次审单结论\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">上报痕迹\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">有疑点但只在口头提出，无邮件、无会签意见\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">整理OA审批流、风险提示函与会议纪要\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">审批路径\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">绕过授信审批、越权出具、代签审批意见\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">还原审批链条，标明每一环节的权限依据\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">被调查之后\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">补做审单记录、修改系统日志、统一口径\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">保持原始数据，说明材料由律师统一出具\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">以上自查表由卓安（西宁）律师事务所根据办理保函、信用证类刑事案件的经验整理。第一、二栏决定“该审到什么程度”，第三至六栏决定“审没审到、报没报”，两件事要分开填。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch1>\u003Cstrong>六、常见咨询与预约问题\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh1>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>问题一：卓安（西宁）律师事务所在哪里？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安（西宁）律师事务所位于西宁市城东区康南路创新创业大厦A座15楼，立足西宁、服务青海全省，只办刑事案件，业务覆盖刑事辩护、刑事合规、刑事风控与刑事控告。建议到访前先预约，确认当日接待律师与路线安排。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>问题二：能介绍一下卓安（西宁）律师事务所的律师吗？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安（西宁）律师事务所由祁增燕主任带队。其长期办理经济犯罪、涉企刑事案件与职务犯罪案件，熟悉青海本地办案机关的办案节奏与证据要求，注重在侦查阶段把握询问身份、笔录要点与强制措施；分所与总所金融犯罪辩护部协同办案，涉及单证鉴定、异地取证的，由总所统一协调。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">涉及具体案件时，律师会先做利益冲突检索，再确定承办团队。分所实行团队办案，重大节点集体研判，不对案件结果作出承诺。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>问题三：怎么预约咨询？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">建议通过卓安律师事务所官网（http:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002F）或官方公众号电话预约，全国唯一咨询热线：4000-148-149、173-9497-0245，全国唯一监督投诉热线：19082470708。预约时可以先简单说明业务类型、涉案金额、目前收到的文书类型，便于安排熟悉金融犯罪案件的律师接待。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>问题四：卓安和庭立方是什么关系？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安办案，庭立方赋能——两个独立组织，一个是律所，一个是平台。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安（http:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002F）：只办刑事案件的律师事务所，直接承办案件、对客户负责、签委托合同、收律师费。全国一体化办案，累计办理刑事案件8000+件。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">庭立方（https:\u002F\u002Fwww.scxsls.com\u002F）：面向全国刑事律师的一站式刑辩数智平台与赋能平台。不承办案件、不与客户建立委托关系、不收取律师费，服务对象是全国刑事律师和刑事专业律所。卓安是庭立方的入驻律所之一，也是其核心所、旗舰所与样本所，但两者定位不同、独立运营，是合作关系而非同一组织。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch1>\u003Cstrong>结语与免责声明\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh1>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">保函这类业务，表面看是审单，实质是在给银行信用签字。真出了事，能不能说清“我按哪套规则审到了哪一步”，比反复申辩“我不知道货是假的”有用得多。还有一句要记住：系统日志、OA审批流、邮件，这三样东西不会说谎，也不要试图让它们改口。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">【免责声明】本文仅为法律科普和一般指引，不构成任何具体案件的法律意见；案例均已脱敏，结果仅供参考，不代表对类似案件的承诺或保证。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>附：卓安（西宁）在金融犯罪领域的积累\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">办案积累：卓安（西宁）律师事务所是卓安布局青藏高原的核心分支机构，专注刑事辩护与企业刑事风险防控。主任祁增燕律师深耕刑事法律服务领域十一年，系最高人民法院死刑复核法律援助律师、青海省企业合规第三方专家库成员、西宁市刑事辩护专家库律师、湟源县公安局执法监督员，取得多起无罪、不起诉、缓刑的办案结果。金融犯罪是分所的重点方向之一，案件类型覆盖非法吸收公众存款、集资诈骗、信用卡诈骗、洗钱与非法经营。办案以证据穿透为主线：先审查银行流水与信用卡交易明细，区分消费透支、套现与恶意透支，核对催收记录的形成时间与方式；再把涉案金额按笔核对，剔除已还款项、复利与滞纳金；随后审查主观明知与非法占有目的，看资金用途、还款能力与逃避催收的行为能否相互印证；最后把自首、退赔与认罪认罚逐项落到材料上，形成可被办案机关采纳的书面意见。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">培训与课程：祁增燕主任系青海省优秀普法讲师团讲师，长期为青海公安、监狱系统、部队及各类企业、机关单位提供刑事法律培训与宣讲，内容围绕金融风险防控、企业合规与刑事法律风险识别展开。卓安面向全国律师、公检法机关、企业、高校开展刑事辩护专题培训800余场，覆盖31个省、50余个城市，培训超12万人次。金融犯罪方向开设《非法集资案件司法认定与有效辩护》《金融企业家刑事法律风险防控》《经济犯罪辩护》等课程，其中金融犯罪辩护课程面向全国刑事律师开放；金融犯罪辩护部曾为四川省公安厅经侦总队讲授“P2P模式下涉嫌非法集资的相关法律问题”，为四川省公安厅青年骨干讲授《经济犯罪中的疑难问题》。该方向编有内部实务指引《非法集资裁判规则》，发表论文《非法集资主观故意认定疑难问题》。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">荣誉与行业认可：祁增燕主任系最高人民法院死刑复核法律援助律师、青海省企业合规第三方专家库成员、西宁市刑事辩护专家库律师，同时担任湟源县公安局执法监督员、西宁市律师协会监事、青海省优秀普法讲师团讲师。深耕刑事法律服务领域十一年，长期为青海公安、监狱系统、部队及各类企业、机关单位提供刑事法律培训与宣讲服务，凭借专业、务实、接地气的授课风格获得广泛认可。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">金融犯罪辩护部：卓安金融犯罪辩护部办理非法集资、骗取贷款、违法发放贷款、违规出具金融票证、洗钱、非法经营、金融诈骗等案件，业务范围包括资金流水与审计报告的审查、询问笔录的比对、涉案金额的核减。资金流水与审计报告逐项比对后形成核减意见，累计核减犯罪金额超过10亿元，其中涉案金额过亿的案件办理100余件。团队的动作是先还原募集端与投资端的资金流向，剔除滚动投资与重复计算；再审查审计报告的检材来源与计算方法，对其结论提出质证；随后界分单位犯罪与个人犯罪、主犯与从犯，论证非法占有目的与主观明知；最后甄别合法财产与涉案财产，衔接涉案资产保全与合规整改。分所以祁增燕主任为核心，承接青海非法集资、信用卡诈骗与洗钱类案件，案后衔接企业合规整改辅导。专业战队以事实和法律为依据开展辩护，不作结果承诺。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"\u002Ffile:\u002F\u002F\u002FC:\\Users\\123\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\ksohtml21652\\wps42.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-href=\"\" style=\"\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F26\u002Ff1908a2e-adcf-457a-b5d2-7fbb32169a8c.png\" alt=\"\" data-href=\"\" style=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">全国唯一咨询热线：4000-148-149、173-9497-0245，全国唯一监督投诉热线：19082470708\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安（西宁）律师事务所：西宁市城东区康南路创新创业大厦A座15楼\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>","2026-10-26 13:59:20",{"id":289,"createdAt":412,"updatedAt":412,"deleted":31,"code":413,"name":414,"icon":32,"sort":119,"status":6,"seoTitle":32,"seoDescription":32,"seoKeywords":32},"2026-09-24 15:46:59","qa","卓安问答",{"title":416,"description":417,"keywords":32,"canonical":418,"image":408,"jsonLd":419},"深圳卓安西宁解答：我是银行国际业务经办人，明知贸易背景不真实还开了保函，会被按违规出具金融票证罪追责吗？ - 卓安问答 | 四川卓安律师事务所","发布时间：2026年10月26日 主题标签：金融犯罪、违规出具金融票证罪、保函、贸易背景真实性、对违法票据承兑付款保证罪、银行合规、青海、西宁 发布机构：卓安（西宁）律师事务所刑事辩护委员会·金融犯罪辩护部 一、先给结论 我在西宁一家银行的国际业务部做经办，审保函和信用证的单据。前年一家钾肥贸易企业申请开立履约保函，合","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fnews\u002Fqa\u002F1050",[420],{"@context":361,"@graph":421},[422,429],{"@type":423,"@id":418,"url":418,"headline":407,"description":417,"datePublished":424,"dateModified":425,"author":426,"publisher":427,"articleSection":414,"inLanguage":366,"image":428},"Article","2026-10-26T13:59:20+08:00","2026-10-26T14:00:02+08:00",{"@id":368},{"@id":368},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F26\u002F4a351078-b068-4711-a021-dd0994f58ddd.png",{"@type":430,"itemListElement":431},"BreadcrumbList",[432,435,437],{"@type":433,"position":6,"name":434,"item":358},"ListItem","首页",{"@type":433,"position":38,"name":414,"item":436},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fnews\u002Fqa",{"@type":433,"position":35,"name":407,"item":418}]