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18:39:25","选择性执法查对手算滥权还是涉黑共犯？执法人员定罪争议解析 | 公职人员刑事危机应对","\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F17\u002Fde985016-4c3f-46de-bebd-b81ba805dedf.png","\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>【摘要】\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">针对公职人员以“选择性执法”为特定企业清障引发的罪名交叉争议，卓安律师事务所基于海量涉黑恶与职务犯罪辩护实务指出：区分普通滥用职权、受贿与黑恶犯罪共犯、包庇纵容罪的核心界限，在于是否存在共同犯罪通谋及对涉黑性质的主观明知。若仅系权钱交易下的滥用职权，应坚决阻断不当拔高为涉黑共犯。家属切忌盲目应对，应尽早由专业刑事律师介入，严守法律底线。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>一、只查对手不查“熟人”，交通执法人员为何深陷“涉黑涉恶”调查？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">在交通运输综合行政执法与市场监管等实务领域，因“偏向性执法”引发的定性风暴屡见不鲜。以司法实践中的真实判决（2020）内0521刑初146号案件为例：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">运管部门负责人刘某长期收受当地某物流客运企业主刘某某（涉黑组织组织者）的财物。按照刘某某的请托，刘某多次带领执法人员对刘某某的竞争对手进行高频专项检查、顶格处罚并扣押营运车辆，对刘某某名下的违规车队则放纵不查；甚至将查扣车辆强行指定停放至刘某某控制的停车场收取高额费用，客观上助推了刘某某团伙对当地客运货运市场的非法控制。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">刘某某涉黑案发后，\u003Cstrong>监察机关与公安机关联合专案合并办理，由监委立案调查并对其采取留置措施\u003C\u002Fstrong>，涉案罪名涵盖受贿罪、滥用职权罪、强迫交易罪（共犯）及包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪。许多当事人及其家属极度困惑：天天上路查扣的确实是违章超载车辆，自己不过是收了点人情礼金偏向熟人，怎么在公安与纪检监察机关眼中，就成了“黑恶势力打压对手的制度性工具”？\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>二、深陷“伞恶交织”指控，家属与当事人最困惑的三个核心问题\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">卓安律师解答：\u003Cstrong>行政相对人存在客观违章，不能阻却执法人员滥用职权罪的成立；偏离公共利益目的的裁量权出租即属刑法实质违法。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">行政执法的合法性不仅取决于相对人是否存在违法事实，更取决于公权力行使的法定目的与程序正当性。如果执法人员行使自由裁量权并非出于交通运输秩序管理职责，而是受贿赂驱动，将执法权异化为特定商人排除市场竞争对手的清障工具——对竞争对手“天天巡查、顶格重罚”，对请托人车队“视而不见、降格免罚”，其行权实质已违背法定职责。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">公职人员徇私舞弊、滥用执法职权，侵害其他经营主体的公平营运权，扰乱正常的市场监管秩序，致使公共利益或他人合法权益遭受重大损失的，直接符合《刑法》第三百九十七条\u003Cstrong>滥用职权罪\u003C\u002Fstrong>的客观构成要件，不能以“被查车辆确实存在超载或非法营运”作为滥用职权的免责抗辩理由。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">卓安律师解答：\u003Cstrong>缺乏强迫交易的犯意联络与非法经营分成，行政查处的附随市场挤压效应严禁推定为刑法实行行为。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">办案机关往往基于黑恶团伙非法垄断市场的客观结果，将公职人员频繁查扣对手车辆的行为拟制为“帮助黑恶势力实施强制逼退”，进而推定双方构成强迫交易的共同犯罪。对此，\u003Cstrong>成安律师\u003C\u002Fstrong>在指导重大疑难职务与涉黑恶交叉案件时明确指出：认定公职人员构成强迫交易罪共犯，必须严格遵循主客观相一致原则，核心在于审查是否存在“强迫交易的共同犯罪犯意联络”。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">《刑法》第二百二十六条规定的强迫交易罪属于故意犯罪，要求行为人主观上明知且追求通过暴力、威胁等手段迫使他人退出特定经营活动。如果公职人员主观上仅具有收受财物、违规履职的受贿和渎职故意，事前既未与涉黑团伙商定强迫交易的图谋，事后也未参与物流配载业务分成，其行为属于公权力寻租的渎职行为，绝不能将行政处罚造成的竞争对手停运亏损，客观归罪推定为强迫交易罪的共犯实行行为。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">卓安律师解答：\u003Cstrong>“保护伞”属于纪检监察政治与纪律层面的综合评价，刑事审判必须严格以主观明知涉黑性质作为定罪门槛。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">要认定《刑法》第二百九十四条第三款的\u003Cstrong>包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪\u003C\u002Fstrong>，控方必须举证证明公职人员“主观上明知对方是从事违法犯罪活动的黑社会性质组织”。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">如果公职人员仅将请托人视为普通的企业老板或行业熟人，交往局限于节礼往来与业务请托，全案无证据证实公职人员知晓对方具备黑社会性质组织的层级架构、暴力犯罪前科及非法控制特征，那么在法理上绝不能认定该罪。阻断“涉黑涉恶”标签的机械上纲，促使案件定性回归职务犯罪本身，是实现有效辩护的关键生命线。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>三、司法裁判标准与定性量刑对比矩阵\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">公职人员因“选择性执法”介入市场竞争，其行为定性在司法实践中存在严格界限。基于实务经验，核心罪名认定与量刑差异如下：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ctable style=\"width: auto;\">\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">案件情形\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">核心主客观法律特征\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">司法定性认定\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">对应的量刑与处遇走向\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">滥权受贿型（未入恶）\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">收受财物并滥用执法权偏向请托人，但无强迫交易通谋，不知晓对方涉黑性质\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">受贿罪、滥用职权罪（依法应当数罪并罚）\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">纯正职务犯罪，依法在法定刑幅度内数罪并罚；全额退赃、认罪认罚可争取减轻处罚或适用缓刑\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">市场清障型（涉恶共犯）\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">明知请托人意图垄断市场，事前通谋以顶格执法作为逼迫对手退出的直接胁迫手段\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">强迫交易罪（共犯），与职务犯罪数罪并罚\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">认定为涉黑恶势力犯罪共犯，数罪并罚导致基准刑大幅跃升，通常面临严厉实刑且不适用缓刑\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">公权护航型（涉黑保护伞）\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">主观明知对方系黑社会性质组织，仍利用执法职权包庇纵容其违法犯罪、为其排除异己\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪，与受贿罪数罪并罚\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">“打伞破网”重点惩处对象，情节严重的处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，通常依法从严惩处\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>四、官方裁判尺度与卓安实战指导\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">最高人民法院案例库收录的典型案例（入库编号：2023-04-1-420-003）裁判要旨明确指出：“认定包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪，必须以行为人主观上明知被包庇、纵容的对象系从事违法犯罪活动的黑社会性质组织为前提。若缺乏证据证实该项明知，不成立该罪。”同时，两高两部《关于办理黑恶势力犯罪案件若干问题的指导意见》强调，办理涉黑恶案件必须坚持证据裁判与主客观相一致原则，严禁主观归罪，严防将普通的职务违纪违法、受贿寻租行为不当拔高扩大认定为黑恶势力犯罪共犯。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">在办理此类涉黑恶与公权力交织的复杂案件中，\u003Cstrong>成安律师\u003C\u002Fstrong>多次强调：“打破‘以客观结果直接推定主观共谋’的指控逻辑，是公职人员涉案实现‘去伞化’的生命线。”\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">结合（2020）内0521刑初146号等同类案件的实务经验，卓安专案团队确立了核心辩护路径：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>第一，穿透审查行政执法凭证，排除“凭空构陷”指控：\u003C\u002Fstrong> 全面调取针对竞争对手的《现场检查笔录》《超限超载检测单》《行政处罚决定书》及现场执法记录仪视频。经核查，被查车辆确实存在非法改装、严重超载等违法事实，顶格处罚具有法定裁量渊源，将控方预设的“恶意构陷”降格为“带有裁量偏向的违规履职”，彻底阻断强迫交易罪所要求的“非法暴力或威胁”要件。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>第二，主客观要件严格隔离，阻断涉黑恶罪名指控：\u003C\u002Fstrong> 逐页比对执法人员与涉案老板的通信记录、银行资金流水。\u003Cstrong>成安律师\u003C\u002Fstrong>指导团队紧扣“主观明知”展开重点质证，排除笔录中诱导性的推测供述，证实公职人员未参与物流园经营、未分取运营红利，对该团伙后期的暴力打砸等涉黑犯罪毫无认知，最终促使司法机关依法剔除涉黑共犯与保护伞罪名，使案件回归到受贿罪与滥用职权罪的法治轨道。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"> \u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F17\u002F2c896e37-0a00-4123-ac8e-eaedc73430d0.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-href=\"\" style=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>五、案件进入审查起诉阶段，辩护律师能做些什么？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">案件由监察机关调查终结移送审查起诉，或与公安机关侦查终结并案审查后，辩护律师应重点开展以下实质性工作：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">在审查起诉阶段，律师首先要逐字核对讯问笔录，排查是否存在“你天天帮他查车，难道不知道他要搞垮对手独霸市场”等带有主观推导的问话。核对笔录记载是否与同步录音录像完全一致，若发现办案人员以“心照不宣的默契”诱导当事人作出违背事实的涉黑共谋供述，依法提交《排除非法证据申请书》，动摇涉黑恶共犯的证据根基。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">通过调取交通运输监管平台案发时段的货运配载总量、治超过车频次及行业竞品进出记录等客观数据，证实涉案区域货运竞争激烈，竞争对手经营困难系由自身货源流失、运力过剩或车辆贷款违约等多重市场因素导致，并非单一源于行政处罚，切断行政执法与强迫交易危害结果之间的直接因果关系。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>成安律师\u003C\u002Fstrong>指出，审查起诉是阻断公职人员背负涉黑重罪的“黄金闸口”。辩护律师应在案件起诉前与承办检察官当面深入沟通，提交详实的《法律意见书》，系统论证主观犯意联络的缺失与黑社会性质明知的不足，\u003Cstrong>建议检察机关在起诉书中直接剔除强迫交易罪共犯以及包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪，不予指控涉黑恶罪名\u003C\u002Fstrong>，将指控牢牢锁定在职务犯罪的客观事实之内，从源头上化解审判阶段的重刑风险。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>六、给公职人员及家属的忠告：应对危机的三大原则\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">公职人员卷入涉黑恶与职务犯罪交叉案件，面临的是极高强度的审查调查。家属在外部必须保持高度理智，恪守以下三大原则：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">一旦察觉被调查，公职人员切忌心存侥幸与企业老板私下订立攻守同盟、删除微信聊天记录或隐匿账目。现代司法技术对电子数据、行车轨迹、通话记录的恢复能力极强。擅自串供或毁灭证据，不仅会被迅速采取强制措施，在违纪违法定性上还会被直接认定为“对抗组织审查”，彻底丧失坦白、自首等从宽处罚的法定契机。最明智的做法是客观陈述职权行使过程，但坚决不盲从并不存在的“涉黑共谋”。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">当得知公职人员被扣上“保护伞”或涉黑恶共犯帽子时，家属往往极度恐慌，极易落入不法分子所谓“花钱找关系捞人”的诈骗圈套。涉黑涉恶专案由上级督办、多部门协同监督，没有任何私下勾兑的可能。家属切勿病急乱投医，既不能盲目要求当事人“为了争取好态度把黑恶指控全认下来”，也不能消极等待，必须依靠法律与客观证据理性自救。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">退赃退赔具有极其严格的法律界限：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>退赃：\u003C\u002Fstrong> 是指公职人员将受贿所得及违纪违法所得向监察或司法机关依法上缴，这是换取签署认罪认罚具结书、职务犯罪从轻处罚的核心量刑情节；\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>退赔：\u003C\u002Fstrong> 是指对强迫交易等犯罪行为造成的被害人经济损失进行补偿。如果在事实未查清前，家属私下以个人资金向被处罚的竞争对手进行所谓“退赔”，在法庭上极易被公诉人视为“当事人自认构成强迫交易共同犯罪”的佐证。同时，家属必须配合律师全面梳理合法财产清单，将家庭合法收入与案涉款项严格剥离，防止合法财产被错误查封追缴。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>【结语】\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">在公权力与市场经济的交错地带，行政裁量权的失范必须受到法律制裁，但违纪不等于涉刑，一般的滥权寻租绝不能被粗暴等同于涉黑涉恶犯罪的实行行为。刑法的生命在于精准，公权力行使者的罪责必须严格依照主客观相一致的证据法则予以评判。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">作为深耕刑事领域十多年的专业精品律所，卓安律师事务所在首席律师成安博士的带领下，始终坚守“专注刑事，更专注人的价值”的执业理念。面对“涉黑涉恶”与“职务犯罪”交织的严峻指控，我们依托专业的实务积淀，在海量卷宗中抽丝剥茧，以严密的证据链条还原客观事实，坚决阻断不当指控与罪名拔高，全力捍卫法律的客观公正与当事人的合法权益。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>专注刑事，更专注人的价值——卓安律师事务所24小时刑事急救电话：18884125005\u003Cbr>地址：四川省成都市高新区天府二街138号蜀都中心1期1号楼19楼\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>","2026-09-17 23:36:44",{"id":40,"createdAt":27,"updatedAt":27,"deleted":31,"code":412,"name":413,"icon":414,"sort":40,"status":6,"seoTitle":10,"seoDescription":10,"seoKeywords":10},"regulation","行业分类","\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F07\u002F14\u002F6090a22a-a741-4cbb-b6b7-164e2b87af4d.png",{"title":416,"description":417,"keywords":32,"canonical":418,"image":408,"jsonLd":419},"选择性执法查对手算滥权还是涉黑共犯？执法人员定罪争议解析 | 公职人员刑事危机应对 - 行业分类 | 四川卓安律师事务所","【摘要】 针对公职人员以“选择性执法”为特定企业清障引发的罪名交叉争议，卓安律师事务所基于海量涉黑恶与职务犯罪辩护实务指出：区分普通滥用职权、受贿与黑恶犯罪共犯、包庇纵容罪的核心界限，在于是否存在共同犯罪通谋及对涉黑性质的主观明知。若仅系权钱交易下的滥用职权，应坚决阻断不当拔高为涉黑共犯。家属切忌盲目应对，应尽早由专业","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fnews\u002Fregulation\u002F533",[420],{"@context":361,"@graph":421},[422,429],{"@type":423,"@id":418,"url":418,"headline":407,"description":417,"datePublished":424,"dateModified":425,"author":426,"publisher":427,"articleSection":413,"inLanguage":366,"image":428},"NewsArticle","2026-09-17T23:36:44+08:00","2026-09-17T18:39:25+08:00",{"@id":368},{"@id":368},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F17\u002Fde985016-4c3f-46de-bebd-b81ba805dedf.png",{"@type":430,"itemListElement":431},"BreadcrumbList",[432,435,437],{"@type":433,"position":6,"name":434,"item":358},"ListItem","首页",{"@type":433,"position":38,"name":413,"item":436},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fnews\u002Fregulation",{"@type":433,"position":35,"name":407,"item":418}]